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Pergola plans: the structure under the shade
Reviewed 30 August 2026 · how we research
A pergola is a big-looking project that is mostly repetitive parts. The plan needs to be right about three structural things: post footings, beam spans, and how the top members are spaced.
What to expect
A weekend or two with a helper. Large timbers, a post-hole digger or anchors, a level, and lots of lag screws or structural connectors.
What a good pergola plan plan includes
- Footing detail - depth below frost line, or an approved surface-mount post anchor
- Post size and spacing with the maximum beam span between posts stated
- Beam and rafter sizes for that span, not just a generic drawing
- Top-slat spacing tied to the shade you want (closer slats, more shade)
- A hardware schedule using structural screws or connectors, not deck screws
Key considerations
- Check local rules - many areas require a permit for a permanent pergola over a certain size or when attached to the house.
- An attached pergola needs a ledger flashed and lag-bolted to house framing, not just siding.
- Oversize the posts slightly; a pergola that looks spindly usually has undersized posts.
Pergola plans is one category in the Ted's Woodworking library. Match any plan to the points above, whatever the source, and check the cutting list before buying materials. Our review covers how that library holds up overall.
FAQ
How deep should pergola post footings be?
Below your local frost line, typically 24 to 48 inches, or use an engineered surface-mount anchor rated for the load. Follow local code.
How far can a pergola beam span?
It depends on timber size and species. A good plan states the maximum span for the beam it specifies. Do not extend spans without upsizing.
Do I need a permit for a pergola?
Often yes, especially for larger or attached structures. Check with your local building department before you start.
What size posts should I use?
Commonly 6x6 for a freestanding pergola. Undersized posts are the usual reason one looks spindly.
How do I attach a pergola to the house?
A ledger board flashed and lag-bolted into house framing, not into siding, with joist hangers for the attached end.
What hardware should I use?
Structural screws or engineered connectors rated for the load, not deck screws.
How close should the top slats be?
Closer slats give more shade. Space them for the shade you want and the look.
How long does a pergola take to build?
A weekend or two with a helper, longer if you set posts in concrete and wait for it to cure.
What wood should I use for a pergola?
Cedar, redwood, or treated pine for posts and beams, and treated lumber for anything near the ground.
Can one person build a pergola?
The beams and rafters really want two people. Posts and layout can be done solo.
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